CD4 and Stroke: It has also been found that stroke triggers an autoimmune response to CNS antigens, including activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells as well as CD19+ B-cells against neuronal, myelin, and other brain tissue antigens, suggesting that stroke may elicit a complex and dynamic autoimmune response to neuronal antigens, which may exacerbate or ameliorate long-term neuroinflammation (Ortega et al., 2015).