As highlighted earlier, the prefibrillar forms of α-synuclein, referred to as oligomers, are the early and toxic species that contribute to the neurodegenerative processes in PD(Emmanouilidou et al., 2010; Colla et al., 2012; Choi et al., 2013; Roberts et al., 2015; Rocha et al., 2018). Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.