One of the more recent works published by Nakada and Mager (2022) describes a mechanistic ODE model focused on the interplay between several key cytokines associated with RA pathophysiology: IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1 – complemented with the PK of therapeutic agents such as tocilizumab, secukinumab, infliximab, canakinumab, and anakinra (32). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.