CACNA1C and atrial fibrillation: Previous studies have shown that rapid atrial pacing can activate CaMKII, which modulates L-type calcium channel opening by enhanced phosphorylation of the Cav1.2 channel and promotes AF atrial electrical remodeling [9], typically exhibiting atrial electrical remodeling through AERP reduction, as well as downregulation of Cav1.2 protein expression, whereby lowering ICaL shortens the APD and finally promotes the occurrence of AF [8, 31, 32].