Conversely, in lung cancer, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are less effective in patients with coexisting TP53 (Aggarwal et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2023) or KRAS mutations (Massarelli et al., 2007), which can activate alternative signalling pathways bypassing the EGFR pathway. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is lung carcinoma.