Moreover, by quantitatively comparing mitochondrial proteomes between obese-diabetic and nondiabetic kidneys, we observed major alterations of pathways involving lipid metabolism, with metabolic enzymes such as Cpt1b, Acsm2, and Aldh3a2 differentially regulated, suggesting that obese-diabetic condition suppresses the detoxifying lipid metabolic machinery to progress the diabetic nephropathy. Here, CPT1B is linked to diabetic kidney disease.