Specifically, the panel included clinically established breast cancer targets (ER, PR, HER2, ISG15, PKCD, ZC3HAV1), cell proliferation marker Ki67, apoptosis marker IFI6, immune lineage markers (CD19, CD45, CD68, CD8a), and G− (gram-negative)/G+ (gram-positive) bacterial markers (LPS, LTA)1,12,37. Here, CD68 is linked to breast cancer.