NUMA1 and urinary bladder cancer: Six urinary biomarkers approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis or surveillance of bladder cancer have been evaluated in recent studies: quantitative or qualitative nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), qualitative or quantitative bladder cancer antigen (BTA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and fluorescence immunohistochemistry (ImmunoCyt), with a sensitivity range of 0.57–0.82, and specificity ranging from 0.74 to 0.88 (Tabayoyong and Kamat 2018; Goutas et al. 2021).