For DKD, both LASSO and GBDT selected 5 risk factors (duration of diabetes, history of CVD, antihypertensive medication use, age, and insulin use) and 4 metabolites (tyrosine, lactate, cholesterol esters to total lipid ratio in intermediate-density lipoprotein particles [IDL-CE%], and citrate). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.