TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Also, malignant transformation of hepatocytes may arise from a sequence of multiple genomic mutations in cancer driver genes (e.g., TP53, RB1, CCNE1, PTEN and AXIN1), activation of several signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and insulin/IGF-1/IRS-1/MAPK, altered microenvironment, and epigenetic variation, which can explain the high heterogeneity of HCC (Thompson and Monga, 2007; Whittaker et al., 2010; Miamen et al., 2012).