In addition, microfluidics has been proposed in combination with SERS technology, and this was because the use of TiO2-Nb2C as a SERS substrate in combination with a microfluidic chip allowed the construction of an invasion model for real-time monitoring of glioma invasion, which could enable the targeted monitoring of the glioma biomarker vascular endothelial growth factor. Here, VEGFA is linked to glioma.