In another study carried out in Japan it was shown, by echocardiography in 210 normotensive subjects and 180 mildly or moderately hypertensive subjects, that the sum of glucose levels (or hemoglobin A1c levels) in all subjects, and the sum of insulin levels (or 2-hour post-load glucose insulin), in subjects without diabetes mellitus, correlated significantly with LV relative wall thickness (RWT) independent of age, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.