AKT1 and myocardial infarction: MSC-EVs in myocardial infarction reperfusion therapy can increase ATP levels, reduce oxidative stress, and activate the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway to enhance myocardial vitality and prevent adverse remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (137).