Although TLR4 has been involved in the clearance of infection by the induction of inflammasomes that interfere with the integration of the viral DNA into the DNA of the host cell, as well as the isotype change of immunoglobulins against HPV, other studies have found that TLR4 is downregulated by HPV, decreasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 [41,42]. Here, TLR4 is linked to infection.