Currently available ACE and renin inhibitors help to reduce the complications of hypertension; however, most patients require two or more anti-hypertensive medications to achieve their blood pressure (BP) goals (<140/90 mm Hg or <130/80 mm Hg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease), translating into an elevated risk of adverse drug reaction and a rise in medication costs [114]. This evidence concerns the gene REN and diabetes mellitus.