NANOG and breast carcinoma: Choi et al. [52] fermented Aronia melanocarpa juice with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and produced catechins that inhibited the growth of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, thereby reducing the expression of Nanog, Sox2, and OCT4 genes in breast cancer stem cells and inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells.