INS and Insulin resistance: These mechanisms include the following: hyperglycemia via inhibition of insulin action; impairment of glucose clearance and hepatic glucose production; dyslipidemia via suppression of triacylglycerol clearance; promotion of insulin resistance-induced-hepatic de novo lipogenesis and stimulation of lipid synthesis and adipose lipolysis in the liver; and hypertension via alterations in renal hemodynamics, nephron transport, and the function of transporters [5,6,7].