Analysis of the renal immunoreactive levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, I Kappa B (IKB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), all pro-inflammatory markers, of untreated αMUPA female mice showed they were not affected by AKI (Figure 5C–F). Here, STAT3 is linked to acute kidney injury.