In conclusion, taken together, our results support the view that a COX-2/iPGE2/DPP-4 cascade might have a relevant role in the proximal tubular damage in septic diabetic patients; therefore, inhibitors of PGT and DPP-4 should be tested in animal models of sepsis as new potential therapeutic approaches to prevent AKI in these patients. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is Sepsis.