Out of 5129 participants, 455 (8.87%) had moderate-to-severe NAFLD. Dementia was diagnosed in 292 participants (5.69%), including 188 with AD and 96 with VaD. The study found that moderate-to-severe NAFLD (compared to no-to-mild NAFLD) had odds ratios of 2.22 for all-cause dementia, 1.88 for AD, and 2.62 for VaD. Additionally, in the cytokine subsample, moderate-to-severe NAFLD was significantly associated with higher levels of certain serum cytokines, such as interleukin-6, which mediated 12.56% of the association between NAFLD and VaD. Here, IL6 is linked to Alzheimer disease.