Preclinical studies have shown that treatment with CTLA4 in combination with other therapies, such as radiotherapy and targeted therapies, such as those with anti-GD2 MoAbs or with anti-PD-1, yields better results in terms of overall survival and reduction of tumor growth in a human model of neuroblastoma [142] and glioblastoma [143], as well as in an orthotopic model of glioblastoma in which the greatest curative effect was obtained using a combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in addition to oncolytic viruses [144]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.