TGFB1 and Autoimmunity: Furthermore, vitamin D affects differentiation to Th17 phenotype, leading to a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-21 (linked to organ-specific autoimmunity, inflammation, and tissue damage), and facilitates the induction of T regulatory cells (Tregs) with increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).