Various variants have been identified as potential causative factors in PAH, including KCNK3, GDF2, EIF2AK4, BMPR2, TBX4, SOX17, CAV1, ATP13A3, SMAD9, AQP1, ACVRL1, and ENG, through exome sequencing and patient cohort surveys [48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58]. This evidence concerns the gene BMPR2 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.