Additionally, in a small cohort, the soluble form of VCAM-1, a vascular adhesion molecule, was found to be upregulated in response to endothelial inflammation in early-onset preeclampsia [47].Unfortunately, these biomarkers have not yet been validated, and in clinical practice, only the sFlt1/PlGF ratio is utilized almost exclusively and not universally. Here, PGF is linked to preeclampsia.