Such an association was also found for β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate separately, and remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, prevalent diabetes and a history of CVD, eGFR, urinary albumin excretion, systolic blood pressure and obesity measures (i.e., BMI, waist circumference or waist–hip ratio). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.