TNF and mastitis: Therefore, magnolol exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in multiple animal models, including acute lung injury, septic injury in ileum and mastitis, colitis, and psoriatic dermatitis, through suppressing NF-κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ pathways, and the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators including leukotrienes, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-12, MCP-1, and iNOS.