Another objective was to explore the association between ABCA3 rs170447 (c.1741+33T>C), rs323043 (c.1755G>C), and rs13332514 (c.1059G>A) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to RDS, as well as their impact on the overall survival of the patients enrolled in the study. This evidence concerns the gene ABCA3 and newborn respiratory distress syndrome.