The second part of our study focused on evidence that highlights the involvement of ABCA3 through the association between three SNPs of this gene (c.1741+33T>C, an intronic variant, and two synonymous variants, c.1755G>C and c.1059G>A) and susceptibility to RDS and overall survival in preterm infants. This evidence concerns the gene ABCA3 and newborn respiratory distress syndrome.