C5 and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Both eculizumab and ravulizumab have reduced efficacy in patients with PNH with hereditary nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in C5α subunits altering Arg885 (c.2654G → A, c.2653C → T), which correspond to the targeted epitope; ≤3.5% of people of Asian origin have these polymorphisms [51,59].