In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, conducted in VLBW neonates in Italy, bovine lactoferrin supplementation, alone or in combination with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, was shown to reduce the incidence of a first episode of late-onset sepsis, a severe complication which frequently affects premature neonates, by affecting the fungal progression from colonisation to infection [160]. Here, LTF is linked to infection.