SPINK1 and neoplasm: Through an assessment of the correlation between SPINK1 expression status and various pathological features, including tumor size, differentiation status, microvascular invasion (MVI), capsular invasion, virus infection background, TNM stage, and TP53 status (Table 1), we found that a higher SPINK1 protein level correlates with a poorer tumor differentiation status, MVI status, and higher TNM stage (Figure 1D).