Several studies have consistently shown that the HLA-DPB1*05:01 allele is associated with an increased risk of various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, aplastic anemia, and systemic sclerosis, particularly within the Asian population [30,31,32]. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DPB1 and idiopathic aplastic anemia.