In addition to approaches using genetic constructs to activate dendritic cell maturation and induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes, plasmids encoding receptors specific to certain tumor-associated antigens were used to selectively uptake extracellular vesicles of tumor origin that can deliver tumor-associated antigens to dendritic cells and/or encode small interfering RNAs to repress PD-L1 and PD-L2 genes in dendritic cells [165]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1LG2 and neoplasm.