Patients with T2D demonstrated increased urinary excretion of PTEN, SIRT1, FGF21, and CTGF compared to control (p = 0.003 for PTEN, p = 0.02 for SIRT1, and p = 0.03 for CTGF and FGF21; Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.