INS and gestational diabetes: Figure 2 depicts a chart of the progesterone-related conditions associated with PRDM in dogs. Despite the similarities between the dynamics of insulin resistance in pregnant bitches and women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [56], as well as several common clinical characteristics such as increased-severity near-full-term pregnancy, this concept is not well applied to bitches since the mechanisms behind GDM and PRDM are different [1].