Another trial performed in hemodialysis patients, known as a high-risk population for cardiovascular disease, provided evidence that nanocurcumin (120 mg/day, 12 weeks) decreases the serum levels of CRP, along with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), two proinflammatory adhesion molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction, but had no significant effect on plasma lipid profile [165]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.