APP and Alzheimer disease: Over the last few decades, research has indicated that the pathogenesis of AD is influenced by a variety of factors, which include biological elements (e.g., aging, gender and body weight), environmental components (e.g., lifestyle, toxins and brain injury), and genetic components (e.g., susceptibility genetic polymorphisms in sporadic cases and Amyloid beta precursor protein, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2 genetic mutations in familial AD) [3].