The same group tested a self-inactivating bi-cistronic anti-CAIX-CAR-T with a CD28z endodomain, engineered to secrete anti-PD-L1 IgG1 or IgG4 as a payload at the RCC tumour site, to block PD-L1-mediated T-cell exhaustion [82]. Here, CD274 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.