In addition, both TGFB1 (4.1-fold increase, p < 0.0001) and TGFB2 (2.2-fold increase, p < 0.0001) ligands were also upregulated in these tumors compared to normal brain tissue, suggesting that TGFB ligands are pivotal in establishing an immunosuppressive, angiogenic, and pro-tumorigenic TME in gliomas mediated through TAMs. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and central nervous system cancer.