LGALS9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Finally, galectin-9 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in NSCLC has been shown to correlate with T cell immunoglobin and mucin domain containing protein 3 (TIM-3,) as well as the NSCLC drug targets PD-1 and PD-L1 upregulating IFNβ and γ to decrease lung cancer apoptosis [20,21].