Although anti-CTLA4 + anti-PD1 provides clinical benefit in advanced melanoma compared with anti-PD1 alone [39,79], it is still unclear whether combining a pure immune activating/modulatory drug such as anti-CTLA4 is better than a supposedly anti-cancer drug such as BRAF/MEK inhibitor with anti-PD(L)1 for the treatment of advanced melanoma. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.