As possible alternatives to the standard immunohistochemical methods of analyzing PD-L1 expression, turning more toward gene expression-based, TMB, CBC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), TIL, extracellular vesicle, imaging, and microbiome biomarkers may provide a more complete picture of the tumor and its relationship in immunotherapeutic treatment. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.