Germline frameshift mutations at hotspot (L194R) codons 100 and 207aa, associated with elevated IL6 expression, represent the majority of GCSF mutations as mentioned in Fig. 4E. The shared exclusivity study showed that distribution of cell cycle control was likely to occur in GBM through principal component analysis of GBM tumour cells in the brain. Here, IL6 is linked to glioblastoma.