TNF and infection: Conversely, infection significantly reduced levels of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IFNγ, IL-3, CCL4 (MIP-1β), CSF 2 (GM-CSF), CCL5 (RANTES), and TNFα (Fig. 1h, Supplementary Figs. 2 and 3a, c).