MAPK3 and cancer: Although inhibitors targeting ERK1/2 have not advanced to clinical use, clinical trials are ongoing for several, including ulixertinib/BVD523 (Biomed Valley Diagnostics), ravoxertinib/GDC0994 (Genentech), and tizakertib/ATG017/AZD0364 (Antengene), for the treatment of cancers with activating mutations in KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 (Grierson et al., 2023; Goodwin et al., 2023; Wu et al., 2021; Varga et al., 2020; Kong et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2021).