An Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that NUPR1, whose upregulation is associated with malignancy of cancer and the chemoresistance network (Wang et al., 2021), was top-ranked, and antioxidant signaling was the most enriched pathway along with other cancer-promoting signaling such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phospholipase signaling (Figure 4B). This evidence concerns the gene NUPR1 and cancer.