JAK3 and cancer: After combining the DNA methylation and KEGG pathway data with the interaction network data (Fig. 5a), we found that JAK3 was involved in several signalling pathways relating to cancer, including the JAK-STAT, tumorigenesis and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways, suggesting that F. nucleatum may regulate cancer development and metastasis through JAK3 (Fig. 5b).