The effects of alcohol on cognitive impairment and psychiatric comorbidities, including mood and anxiety disorders, were described to be mediated by novel biomarkers involving deficits in trophic signaling (BDNF, IGF1, and TGF-β1), disruption in the blood–brain barrier (VEGFA), and increased chemotaxis response (SDF-1, eotaxin, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and fractalkine) and brain damage (neurofilament light chain protein) that may contribute to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death [40,55,56,57,58]. The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Cognitive impairment.