However, based on an interaction study of the coronavirus S-protein binding with alpha-secretase (α-secretase), which functions as an integrin and metalloproteinase-9 (ADAM-9), it was suggested that S-α-secretase interaction produces a protective affect against AD through the adhesion of the virus to the cellular membrane and prevents the cleavage of the APP within the Aβ domain, thus preventing Aβ generation [121]. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.