TFEB and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: In accordance with studies reporting that mTOR signaling is essential for maintaining IVD homeostasis and that autophagic flux disruption is implicated in cellular senescence and apoptosis during IDD development [83,84,85,86], apigenin has been shown to attenuate oxidative stress-induced senescence of NP IVD cells by increasing autophagy via the induction of the AMPK/mTOR/transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling pathway [45].