The most characteristic genetic and molecular alterations found in indolent B-cell lymphomas are, as mentioned, t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma and t(11;18) in MALT lymphomas: this translocation causes the formation of a fusion gene (API2/MALT1) that determines API2 anti-apoptotic protein overexpression and activation of the MALT1-dependent NF-κB signaling cascade [10]. The gene discussed is MALT1; the disease is MALT lymphoma.